自动化测试--响应请求测试（.net)-白红宇

自动化测试--响应请求测试（.net)

阅读量：4313 次

发布时间：2019-06-06

本文共 7740 字，大约阅读时间需要 25 分钟。

Web运行原理简单地说是“浏览器发送一个HTTP Request到Web服务器上，Web服务器处理完后将结果（HTTP Response）返回给浏览器”。

通常测试一个web api是否正确，可以通过自己coding方式模拟向Web服务器发送Http Request（设置好各参数）,然后再通过捕获Web服务器返回的Http Response并将其进行解析，验证它是否与预期的结果一致。

.net中提供的Http相关的类

主要是在命名空间System.Net里，提供了以下几种类处理方式：

WebClient

WebRequest WebResponse

HttpWebRequest HttpWebResponse

TcpClient

Socket

（1）使用WebRequest 获取指定URL的内容测试code

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 using System.IO; 7 using System.Net; 8  9 namespace Testing0110 {11     class WebRequestTest12     {13         static void Main(string[] args)14         {15             string url = @"http://www.baidu.com";16             //string html = TestWebClient(url);17             //string html = TestWebRequest(url);            18             string html = TestHttpWebRequest(url);            19             Console.WriteLine(html);20             Console.Read();21         }22 23         /// 24         /// 使用WebClient发出http request25         /// 
26         /// 27         /// 
      28         public static string TestWebClient(string url)29         {30             Console.WriteLine("Testing WebClient......");31             WebClient wc = new WebClient();            32             Stream stream = wc.OpenRead(url);33             string result = "";34             using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))35             {36                 result = sr.ReadToEnd();37             }38             return result;39 40         }41 42         /// 43         /// 使用WebClient发出http request44         /// 
45         /// 46         /// 
      47         public static string TestWebRequest(string url)48         {49             Console.WriteLine("Testing WebRequest......");50             WebRequest wr = WebRequest.Create(url);51             wr.Method = "GET";52             WebResponse response = wr.GetResponse();53             Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream();54             string result = "";55             using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))56             {57                 result = sr.ReadToEnd();58             }59             return result;60         }61 62         /// 63         /// 使用HttpWebClient发出http request64         /// 
65         /// 66         /// 
      67         public static string TestHttpWebRequest(string url)68         {69             Console.WriteLine("Testing HttpWebRequest......");70             HttpWebRequest wr = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);71             wr.Method = "GET";72             HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)wr.GetResponse();73             Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream();74             string result = "";75             using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))76             {77                 result = sr.ReadToEnd();78             }79             return result;80         }81     }82 }

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（2）获取指定URL（带Cookie）的WebRequest内容测试code

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Text; 5 using System.Threading.Tasks; 6 using System.IO; 7 using System.Net; 8  9 namespace Testing0110 {11     class TestHttpWebRequestWithCookie12     {13         static void Main(string[] args) 14         {15             string url = "https://passport.xxx.com/account/login";16             CookieContainer myCookieContainer = new CookieContainer();17             HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);18             request.CookieContainer = myCookieContainer;19             string postdata = "bkurl=&LoginName=abc&Password=123456&RememberMe=false";20             request.Method = "POST";21             request.KeepAlive = true;22             byte[] postdata_byte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postdata);23             request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";24             request.ContentLength = postdata_byte.Length;25 26             Stream stream = request.GetRequestStream();27             stream.Write(postdata_byte, 0, postdata_byte.Length);28             stream.Close();29 30             HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();31             StreamReader srRes = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(),Encoding.UTF8);32             string content = srRes.ReadToEnd();33             response.Close();34             srRes.Close();35 36             string cookieString = request.CookieContainer.GetCookieHeader(new Uri(url));37             Console.WriteLine("***********第一次cookie内容：" + cookieString);38 39             request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://my.xxx.com/xxx/xxx_list.asp");40             request.Method = "GET";41             request.CookieContainer = myCookieContainer;42             request.Headers.Add("Cookie:" + cookieString);43             request.KeepAlive = true;44             response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();45             //cookieString = request.CookieContainer.GetCookieHeader(request.RequestUri) + ";" + cookieString;46            // Console.WriteLine("***********第二次cookie内容：" + cookieString);47             StreamReader srR = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.UTF8);48             string result = srR.ReadToEnd();49             srR.Close();50             Console.WriteLine("**************result:" + result.Substring(500));51             Console.Read();52         }53     }54 }

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（3）如何跟Https网站交互

我们用浏览器打开HTTPS的网站，如果我们没有安装证书，通常页面会显示 "此网站的安全证书有问题"，我们必须再次点"继续浏览此网站(不推荐)"才能查看页面信息.

如下图所示

那么我们的程序，如何忽略HTTPS证书错误呢？

只要在程序中加入下面这段代码，就可以忽略HTTPS证书错误，让我们的程序能和HTTPS网站正确的交互了.

1 System.Net.ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += (se, cert, chain, sslerror) =>2                 {3                     return true;4                 };

（4）采用POST提交Web Request

1 public static string GetResponse(string url, string method, string data) 2         { 3             try 4             { 5                 HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url); 6                 req.KeepAlive = true; 7                 req.Method = method.ToUpper(); 8                 req.AllowAutoRedirect = true; 9                 req.CookieContainer = CookieContainers;10                 req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";11 12                 req.UserAgent = IE7;13                 req.Accept = "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8";14                 req.Timeout = 50000;15 16                 if (method.ToUpper() == "POST" && data != null)17                 {18                     ASCIIEncoding encoding = new ASCIIEncoding();19                     byte[] postBytes = encoding.GetBytes(data); ;20                     req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;21                     Stream st = req.GetRequestStream();22                     st.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);23                     st.Close();24                 }25 26                 System.Net.ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += (se, cert, chain, sslerror) =>27                 {28                     return true;29                 };30 31                 Encoding myEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8");32 33                 HttpWebResponse res = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();34                 Stream resst = res.GetResponseStream();35                 StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(resst, myEncoding);36                 string str = sr.ReadToEnd();37 38                 return str;39             }40             catch (Exception)41             {42                 return string.Empty;43             }44         }

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参考文章地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/TankXiao/archive/2012/02/20/2350421.html

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/anny-1980/p/4537914.html

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